What is Piston? | How does a Piston work? | What is Piston Function?

一個engine由燃油泵,連杆,曲軸和燃料係統組成。活塞被稱為活塞發動機的心髒。沒有活塞,往複發動機不能壓縮空氣燃料混合物。因此,活塞的維護和服務對於適當的發動機操作非常重要。活塞最常用於汽油發動機和柴油發動機。本文主要解釋了活塞的工作,類型和一些其他方麵。

What is a Piston?

活塞is a往複式機械圓盤這是往來的向前andbackward在發動機內compression chamber。It transfers its motion to the crankshaft via a connecting rod.

內燃機的性能取決於活塞操作。

活塞

IC發動機的這部分具有帶有活塞環的金屬的可移動部分。活塞銷用於將連杆連接到活塞。該連接杆進一步通過曲柄銷連接到曲軸。

As the liquid or gas in the compression chamber contracts or expands, the piston disc starts moving in the chamber. During the air-fuel mixture combustion process, chemical energy produces.

As the combusted air-fuel mixture expands, the produced energy generates thrust. This thrust moves the piston forward and backward. It transfers its motion to the crankshaft, which further moves the vehicle.

Your piston must have high reliability and flexibility, but its weight must be as low as you can. The lightweight piston helps to decrease inertia generated due to its reciprocating mass.

它必須具有承受壓縮室中產生的高爆炸力和溫度的能力。您的發動機活塞必須在壓縮室中以最小的摩擦往複運動。

Working of Piston

A piston is a reciprocating component of the engine. It reciprocates inside the combustion chamber or compression cylinder. Its reciprocating motion helps to generate power from the air-fuel mixture and turns the vehicle wheel. A piston works in the following way:

  1. 用於吸入衝程,活塞從TDC到BDC.。During this motion, it generates a vacuum inside the combustion chamber. A vacuum generates as it reaches atBDC.,打開吸閥。隨著吸入閥打開,從中引入空氣燃料混合物carburetor到了燃燒室
  2. 在吸氣衝程之後,活塞執行壓縮ion stroke. For this stroke, it moves from BDC to TDC. During this motion, it reduces the volume of the combustion chamber.
  3. 隨著燃燒室容積減少,發生空氣燃料混合物的壓縮。當活塞到達時TDC,空氣燃料混合物完全壓縮。
  4. 當混合物完全按要求完全壓縮時,火花塞點燃混合物。由於空氣燃料混合物點火,在燃燒室內產生熱能。
  5. As the combusted air-fuel passes through an expansion valve, it expands and forces the piston to move fromTDC到BDC.
  6. When the piston gets power by expanded air-fuel mixture, it reciprocates and further reciprocates the connecting rod. The connecting rod, along with the crankpin, converts the reciprocating motion into rotary motion and delivers it to the crankshaft. The crankshaft further delivers rotary motion to the flywheel, which turns the car wheels.
  7. 最後,活塞執行排氣衝程。對於該行程,活塞再次從BDC移動到TDC,並將廢氣排出在燃燒室中。在最後一次行程之後,整個循環重複。

活塞的類型

活塞具有以下主要類型:

1)軀幹活塞

這se types of pistons have a long diameter. It is a dual functional function piston (i.e., it can work both as a cylindrical crosshead and a piston).

When the connecting rod tilts nearly all of its motion, a lateral force is still available there that responds to the cylinder wall on either side of the piston.

This is a most commonly used type of piston for reciprocating IC engines. They are employed in both diesel and gasoline engines, but high-speed engines now have lighter slipper pistons.

One of the most characteristic features of these pistons, especially for CI engines, is that in addition to the oil ring between the piston crown and gudgeon pin, they contain an oil ring groove under the gudgeon pin.

2) Crosshead Pistons

這high deceleration diesel engine may require extra assets for side forces on the pistons. Therefore, the high-speed diesel engine usually uses a crosshead piston. The main piston contains a large piston rod that extends downward from the piston to the secondary piston with a smaller diameter.

這main piston ensures the gas tightness and the piston ring motion. The smaller piston is mechanically driven. It works in a small compression chamber. It transmits the gudgeon pin and acts as a trunk guide.

Crosshead has better lubricating oil than trunk piston lubricating oil. The heat of combustion does not affect crosshead lubrication. The lubricating oil of the crosshead pistons doesn’t contaminate with flammable soot particles, is not damaged by heat, and can use thinner.

3.) Sliding piston

這些類型的活塞最適合汽油發動機。這些活塞具有最小的尺寸和重量。在危險的情況下,它們隻是活塞裙,活塞環支撐和活塞冠,使兩個平台防止活塞在孔中振動。

這edge of the piston skirt extends away from the cylinder wall around the gudgeon pin. The goal of this process is to decrease the mass of the reciprocating movement, which makes it able to easily balance the engine and create high speeds.

4)偏轉器活塞

這些類型的活塞最常用於具有曲軸壓縮的2行穿進發動機,該發動機致小心地將氣流引導到氣缸中以確保有效的排氣。對於側麵吸塵器,入口端口和排氣口位於圓柱壁的一側。

這些活塞在頂部具有凸肋,以停止進入的空氣燃料混合物從一個端口到第二端口的直接通道。這有助於將進入的混合物轉移在燃燒室周圍。

5.) Racing pistons

賽車引擎比乘用車發動機更硬,活塞更強壯。它們是越來越耐用的發動機的賽車速度。

6) Invar strut piston

Invar Strut活塞具有Invar,它是由64%鋼和36%鎳組成的合金。其擴展係數可忽略不計(即,000000063 /°C)。在活塞中,Invar Strut將裙部和活塞銷凸台固定,使活塞膨脹至大約圓柱體的大小。

7) Autothermic Pistons

這種類型的活塞在活塞銷的凸台上具有低膨脹鋼插入物。這些插入件的形狀使得它們的端部固定到活塞裙。

8) Specialliod Pistons

SpecialLoid生產各種零活塞CI發動機和SI發動機,用於主要船舶推進,鐵路牽引,工業文具,商用車和輔助應用。

最新的SpecialLoid柴油活塞在裙部的內表麵上具有垂直齒輪,並將焊接的堅固的碼頭直接從磁化銷的軸承區域轉移到圍繞。

Function of Piston

  • 活塞的主要功能是僅在氣缸內部壓縮空氣或空氣燃料混合物並通過燃燒的混合物接收功率。
  • 它接收汽缸中燃燒的空氣燃料混合物產生的推力,並將其遞送到連杆。
  • 它在燃燒室內具有往複運動。它進行吸力,壓縮,膨脹和排氣衝程。在完成這些筆觸之後,它旋轉曲軸,該曲軸進一步旋轉車輪。

Piston Characteristic

  • 這engine piston must have high reliability and flexibility.
  • It has the capability to bear the explosive force, high pressure, and temperatures of the combusted air-fuel mixture in the compression chamber.
  • It must have the capability to endure the effects of fluctuating loads.
  • 它必須重量輕。輕質活塞有助於減少由於其往複物質而產生的慣性。
  • 您的發動機活塞必須沉默操作,輕巧。
  • 它應該是機械強的。

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